574

Index

biogas production (contd.)

temperature

497

toxic compounds

501–502

trace element supplementation

500–501

VFA

498

biogas technology

5

biogeocycles

96

bio hydrogen

19, 21, 165, 310

consuming microorganisms

248, 252

generation rate and yield

248

producing reactor design

250

bio-hydrogen manufacturing technologies

dark fermentation

245–246

direct biophotolysis

244–245

photofermentation

245

bio-hydrogen production

243

advantage

297

batch mode reactor

291–292

biomass

286–287

biophotolysis

285

continuous mode reactor

292

dark fermentation

286

environmental and economic

assessment

253

fed-batch mode reactor

292

future perspectives

253

genetic engineering approaches

295–296

inoculum

289–291

integrative process

293

medium and process optimization

293–294

metabolic flux analysis (MFA)

294

microbial consortia

252

pH

288

photo-fermentation

286

pure and mixed cultures

289–290

reactor design and configuration

252

strain development

295–297

substrates

291

system temperature

288

ultrasonication

295

bioleaching

208

advantages of

210

factors affecting

209–210

industrial processes of

209

large scale

215

limitation of

210

mechanism of

208–209

for recovery individual metals

214–215

role

212

biological oxygen demand (BOD)

158,

159, 163, 221, 222, 228, 235, 311,

400, 424

biological wastewater treatment

156

biomagnification and consequences

84

biomass

286, 315

feedstock

440

producing crops

76

biomaterials

19, 174, 175, 334, 346, 348,

348–354, 355, 356, 380, 423

bio-medical waste

114, 398, 400

biomethanation

4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 450–451

biomethane

19, 165, 243, 324, 432, 433,

475, 482

biomining

208, 209, 215

bionanoparticle synthesis

362–365

bio-packaging materials (BPM)

527, 529

biopesticides

256, 429, 525

biophotolysis

165, 244, 285, 326

bio pigment production

257

biopiles

88, 405

bioplastic polymers

19

bioplasticizers

516

biopolymer synthesis

514–515

biopolymeric nanomaterials

334

biopolymeric nanoparticles

387

biopolymers

19, 348

from fruits and vegetables waste

545–546

from grain wastage

546–547

bio-precipitation

173

bioreactors

51, 88, 236, 241–259, 403

dual-chambered bioreactor

306

membrane bioreactors

237, 244,

246–248, 249, 259, 401

biorefinery

228, 414

definition

440–443

R&D phase

440, 442

types

443

valorization process in

477

biorefining

412, 444

biorefining conversions network (BCN)

444

bioremediation

72

adsorption

75